San Felipe volcano is a classic small shield volcano. Photo L. Crumpler

Canjilon Hill from the air is a partially dissected twin steam-blast explosion crater (maar) and represents the southern margin of the San Felipe field. It is one of the more unusual levels of exposure of a maar in the Southwest. Photo L. Crumpler

Canjilon Hill as seen from the highway near Bernalillo. From this angle it appears as a simple mesa. But actually it is a conical structural depression on an elevated platform that developed by erosion on the margins of the Rio Grande. Photo L. Crumpler

General Geology/Relation to Rift

Kelley, V. C., 1982, Albuquerque: Its Mountains, Valley, Water, and Volcanoes. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Scenic Trips to the Geologic Past Series, No. 9, 3rd edition.

Petrology/Lithology

Baldridge, W. S., 1979, Petrology and petrogenesis of Plio-Pleistocene basaltic rocks from the central Rio Grande rift New Mexico and their relationship to the Rift, in Riecker, R. E., editor, Rio Grande Rift: Tectonism and Magmatism, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., p. 323-353.

Kelley, V. C., and Kudo, A.M., 1978, Volcanoes and related basalts of Albuquerque basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Circular 156, 30p.

Kudo, A.M., 1982, Rift volcanics of the Albuquerque basin: overview with some new data., New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 33rd Field Conference, Albuquerque Country II, 285-289.

Perry, F. V., Baldridge, W.S., DePaolo, D.J., 1987, Role of asthenosphere and lithosphere in the genesis of late Cenozoic basaltic rocks from the Rio Grande Rift and adjacent regions of the southwestern United States. Jour. Geophys. Res., 92, 9193-9213.

Personnius, S. F.,2004. Geologic map of the Santa Ana PUeblo Quadrangle. U.S. Geological SUrvey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map, MF-2405.

Volcanology [no modern volcanological studies have been completed]